Explanation

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena.

Social function explanation text is to explain process involved in the formation/working in natural and cultural phenomena.

Generic structure

1. General statement, stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained
2. Sequenced explanation, stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena

Language features

1. Featuring generic participants: sun, rain, etc
2. Using chronological connection: to begin with, next, etc
3. Using passive voice pattern
4. Using simple present tense

E. Example

Title	Making Paper from Woodchips
General statement	Wood chipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The wood chipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.
Sequenced explanation	Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called wood-chips. The wood-chips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing	Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.